Prosperos Relationship with Caliban and Colonialism in...

The relationship between Prospero and Caliban is a perfect demonstration of the dependence relationship between a coloniser and the native of whichever colony he set his eye upon. Colonialism was a subject easily related to by Shakespeares contemporary audience; with James on the throne the British Empire was beginning to thrive and would soon become the largest in not only the 17th Century world, but one of the largest in history. At the time The Tempest was first preformed, 1611, Britain had begun to lay claim to North America and the smaller Caribbean isles, a fact the King was no doubt proud of and, similarly to his addition of the supernatural (a subject that fascinated James), aiming to impress Shakespeare chose to make†¦show more content†¦Caliban’s reactions to Prospero within this scene, both verbal and physical, tell the typical story of a native people who have been under Colonial rule for some time. When he is initially summoned Caliban’s response i s hesitant and churlish, as the stage directions dictate that he does not come when called, but instead shouts in a presumptuous manner, â€Å"(Calling from the far side of Prospero’s cave) There’s wood enough within!† This suggests Caliban is used to being wanted only for manual labour, such as fetching wood. This would’ve been typical of a native in Caliban’s position – one for whom the faà §ade originally presented by the coloniser had fallen. For, like in many 17th century colonial relationships, it was very much the case that initially Prospero was kind to Caliban, â€Å"When thou cam’st first, thou strok’st me†¦And then I loved thee,† and furthermore he and his daughter, Miranda, educated Caliban in science and speech, â€Å"I [Miranda] pitied thee, Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each hour one thing or other.† This was a typical characteristic of a colonial relationship; in British coloniser opinion the savages needed to be civilised. Often this would invoke warmth towards the settlers within the native people, and this is much the case with Caliban, â€Å"And showed thee all the qualities o’the isle, The fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place and fertile.† However, with the progression of time and with the natives use as a guideShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Colonialism In The Tempest924 Words   |  4 Pageswrote The Tempest around 1610, towards the end of his career as a playwright. The play depicts a story about a usurped duke who has taken over and become the ruler of the island and its’ inhabitants. Amongst many themes, one theme in the play that is clearly evident is colonialism. During the time Shakespeare was writing The Tempest, colonialism was one of the biggest issues of the time. For this reason, it is not surprising that Shakespeare chose to include many references to colonialism and explorationRead More tempcolon Comparing Language in Shakespeares Tempest and Aime Cesaires A Tempest892 Words   |  4 PagesColonial Language in Shakespeares The Tempest and Aime Cesaires A Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   Language and literature are the most subtle and seductive tools of domination. They gradually shape thoughts and attitudes on an almost subconscious level. Perhaps Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak states this condition most succinctly in her essay The Burden of English when she writes, Literature buys your assent in an almost clandestine way...for good or ill, as medicine or poison, perhaps always a bit of both(137)Read MoreThe Postcolonial Interpretations Of Shakespeares The Tempest1512 Words   |  7 Pages The Tempest, written by playwright William Shakespeare is one of his most popular, yet also controversial plays. This paper will discuss the postcolonial interpretations of Shakespeare’s play, by looking at the nature of colonialism, and how it has been incorporated within his play, through the role of the colonized versus the colonizers. This paper will also compare how 21st century audience’s views may differ to that of the traditional Elizabethan’s, in relation to the play’s treatment of theRead MoreThe Tempest - Relationship Between Prospero and Caliban1667 Words   |  7 Pagesdramatic methods Shakespeare uses to present the relationship between Prospero and Caliban. ‘The Tempest’ was the last play written by Shakespeare and is widely regarded to be his greatest play. ‘The Tempest’ is thought to have been written about the year 1610. All of Shakespeare’s previously used genres are in the play: romance, tragedy, comedy and history. ‘The Tempest’ adheres to the three classical unities, unity of time, action and place. ‘The Tempest’ takes place in a twenty-four hour time periodRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe And William Shakespeare s The Tempest1417 Words   |  6 PagesRoughly based on personal encounters Joseph Conrad uses Heart of Darkness to comment on the negative aspects of colonialism. Colonialism by definition is, â€Å"the policy and practice of a power in extending control over weaker peoples or areas.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest, colonialism plays a significant role in the break down of huma ns. The conquerors in both stories disregard the natives believing that they are working towards the greaterRead More tempcolon Confronting Colonialism and Imperialism in Aime Cesaires A Tempest1403 Words   |  6 PagesConfronting Colonialism in A Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   A Tempest by Aime Cesaire is an attempt to confront and rewrite the idea of colonialism as presented in Shakespeare’s The Tempest.   He is successful at this attempt by changing the point of view of the story.   Cesaire transforms the characters and transposes the scenes to reveal Shakespeare’s Prospero as the exploitative European power and Caliban and Ariel as the exploited natives.   Cesaire’s A Tempest is an effective response to Shakespeare’s The TempestRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest1267 Words   |  6 Pagesknown and final play, The Tempest. The story of The Tempest tells the tale of Prospero, a fallen duke forced to live on a desolate island in exile. He intends to regain his dukedom and seek revenge upon those who wronged him. During his time on the island, Prospero masters the power of illusion and uses it to manipulate the island, creating the outcome he always intended to happen. He differs from the traditional Sh akespearean plot and character development. Prospero’s actions creates an aura ofRead More European Colonialism and Imperialism in Shakespeares The Tempest949 Words   |  4 PagesEuropean Colonialism and Imperialism in Shakespeares The Tempest William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest reveals how ideologies of racial ‘otherness’ served to legitimize European patriarchal hegemony in Elizabethan England. In the Elizabethan/ Jacobean times of England there were many relevant ideologies relevant to this play. In examining the values and ideologies this text endorses and challenges, the society of the time (Elizabethan England), and a knowledge of how it operated serves a greatRead MoreInjustice for Justice: an Analysis on Equity in the the Tempest1440 Words   |  6 Pageswork, The Tempest. Shakespeare critiques justice and portrays it in way in which justice is defined as the rule of the majority, and governed by the person with most power. Through the actions of the main character, Prospero; this new viewpoint of both justice and mercy emerges. Prospero, once the Duke of Milan, seeks revenge for the usurpation of his throne by his brother. In Act One Scene Two, we see Prospero admit he creates a storm in order to shipwreck his enemies vessels. Prosperos means throughRead MoreEssay On Colonialism In The Tempest1624 Words   |  7 Pagesfinal play, The Tempest, holds phenomenal value. In his writing, Shakespeare often included contemporary issues of his time. In Hamlet, for example, the idea of a King dying was an important notion. This was drawn from the belief that a King got his authority from God, so if he died nature would become unbalanced and disturbed. In The Tempest, he included his supportive views of colonialism into his writing. Centuries later, Aimà © Cà ©saire made an adaptation of Shakespeare’s The Tempest, to create a

Case Study Spark New Zealand Essay - 2188 Words

1-INTRODUCTION Summary of the case Spark New Zealand (formerly Telecom New Zealand) provides digital services to millions of New Zealanders and thousands of New Zealand businesses. Now Spark New Zealand has taken a new step in their industry by coming up with smartphone security system known as Morepork in home security sector. They have appointed Gemma croombs to the position of general manager smart living. Morepork is home security system from which the customers can maintain anytime check on their homes or work fields etc., where they have installed the system. To make the security system easier, the company has developed their own application for the spark network users. Through this application the customers can view their security system from any corner of the world using Wi-Fi or cellular data. When asked upon the question of ‘why the company moved into homes security system’, this is what croombs had to say-â€Å" We know we are living in a world where it’s disrupt or be disrupted, so we’re developing a range of smart, useful products that make life easier for our customers.† â€Å"More than 70 percent of our customers now own a smart phone and this is estimated to grow to around 80-90 percent within a few years. New Zealanders are using their smartphones as the ‘remote control of life’, so it makes sense they will want to use an app to look after their homes. The ‘smart home’ took center stage this year at both the Mobile World Congress and the Consumer Electronic show,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Company s Current Strategy And Need Of Erp Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pages5.1 Analysis of company’s current strategy and Need of ERP Industry growing in a tremendous pace need ERP as essential to integrate and co-ordinate the different business process. 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This systemic oppression of sex workers leads to high levels of violence and disease within their populations. A 2014 study by The Urban Institute explained that the unregulated and â€Å"lucrative underground commercial sex economy in eight large U.S. metropolitan areas brings in anywhere from $40 million annually to as much as nearly $300 million.† The study elaborated on the corruption of the illegal trade, explaining that within the massage parlors and brothels employing non-native womenRead MoreRetail Analysis Of Devonport New World Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesRetail Analysis of Devonport New World Introduction In total retailing and in food retailing, supermarkets are dominant, confirm Reardon and Berdegue (2002). New World (NW) is a New Zealand supermarket chain. Independently operated and owned, the Devonport NW supermarket is an excellent example of how a retailer can use a retailing strategy, and the retail mix, to attract customers. 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By their calculations this wage is what is required by a family of two adults and two children. The living wage is centered on the concept that people who work full-time jobs, and their familiesRead MoreRole Of Marketing Using Integrated Marketing Communications Essay1991 Words   |  8 Pagesrelationships and brand identity and the ability to target various and specific audiences. The above will be discussed with reference to theorists Belch and Belch (2012), Percy (2014) and Schultz and Schultz (2003) among others, and the Tourism New Zealand 100% Pure New Zealand IMC campaign in order to provide a cohesive and integrated argument. In order to understand why IMC is the dominant approach; one must first have a cohesive understanding of what IMC entails. IMC as Schultz and Schultz (2003), ClowRead MoreEssay about Ind Aff Theme Analysis1511 Words   |  7 Pagesassimilate to someone who in deed is very different to the other. 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David Walker’s Appeal Free Essays

Chatarpaul 1 David Walker’s Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World is aimed towards African-American slaves and freedmen. His goal was to have all his â€Å"brethren†, rise up and fight against slaveholders and farmers. Walker called for vengeance against white men, but he also expressed the hope that their cruel behavior toward blacks would change, making vengeance unnecessary. We will write a custom essay sample on David Walker’s Appeal or any similar topic only for you Order Now His message to the slaves was direct; if they were not given liberty, then should take action and rebel. The Appeal caused a stir among slaveholders and slaves. In it, Walker argued that armed resistance was justified and should be used if necessary. As could be expected, slaveholders feared that it would cause slave uprisings. Slaves on the other hand, were encouraged by its message. It was common for groups of slaves to gather and listen to the reading of the text. Depending upon whether one was a slave or a slaveholder, the Appeal had become both dangerous and inspiring. David Walker’s appeal to me is targeted towards blacks. More specifically it is aimed at slaves and freedmen. It is clear that Walker is very well strong about making his point to his brethren when he states, â€Å"The whites want slaves, and want us for their slaves, but some of them will curse the day they ever saw us. As true as the sun ever shone in its meridian splendor, my color will root some of them out of the very face of the earth. They shall have enough of making slaves of, and butchering, and murdering us in the manner which they have. †(22) In this quote, it may appear that Walker is bad spirited but he is not because he wants the whites to feel the same pain as his people and he is feeling. Walker only wants the worse for those slaveholders that abuse their power over their slaves. I am sure many slaves agreed with what Walker said here because Chatarpaul 2 whites don’t know how much pain and suffering they’re causing to the slaves. Walker believed that slavery was a crime against humanity. He wanted the whites to feel what his people were feeling. Walker’s appeal is really about trying to get black people in the north and south to prepare themselves any way they can for resistance and slavery. The man who would not fight under our Lord and Master Jesus Christ, in the glorious and heavenly cause of freedom and of God† (14), as Walker states, had no right to be free; but those who did were promised by Walker a renewed sense of self-respect, and communal and spiritual identity. Walker later goes on to say, â€Å"Are we men! I ask you, O my brethren! Are we men? Did our Creator make us to be slaves to dust and ashes like ourselves? †¦ Have we any other Master but Jesus Christ alone? † (18). The answers to these questions would only be determined by the slaves themselves because it was up to them to make a stand. Walker appeals to the slaves and freedmen when he later says, â€Å"America is more our country than it is the whites-we have enriched it with our blood and tears†¦ will they drive us from our property and homes, which we have earned with our blood? † Walker here is referring to colonization, where free blacks were supposed to be moved to a colony in Africa. By what Walker said in the above quote, he believed that America belonged to all who helped build it. He also emphasizes this by saying to the whites, â€Å"America is as much our country, as it is yours. Treat us like men, and there is no danger but we will all live in peace and happiness. † This quote is basically addressed to his white readers in hoping to change their heart. With that being said, Walker knows that it will be Chatarpaul 3 hard to convince whites to change their minds, but at least he mentions it and whites can take it with a sigh of relief. The readers of Walker’s Appeal are supposed to be enlightened and arouse by it because he is urging them to claim their human rights. He states, â€Å"Oh! My colored brethren, all over the world, when shall we arise from this death-like apathy? -And be men!! In this quote there’s a sense of urgency and Walker makes that clear. I think that by reading this many slaves were feeling connected to Walker and with that connection they were ready to accept the appeal and do something about slavery. Those who were free was also ready to make a stand because Walker preached that all â€Å"brethren† should unite, those free and those not free. In order for blacks to make a statement to the whites, they all had to unite to prove that they shouldn’t be treated the way they were. In the following quote he clearly addresses his fellow blacks by saying, â€Å"I would wish, candidly †¦ o be understood, that I would not give a pinch of snuff to be married to any white person I ever saw in all the days of my life. à ¢â‚¬  Here he is trying to show that no matter what the situation is he will not have anything to do with white people, men or women. He really wants his readers to understand him in many ways more than one. He goes on to say, â€Å"†¦until you see your way clear-when that hour arrives and you move, be not afraid or dismayed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , he doesn’t want slaves to be afraid of the whites. With this appeal, many slaves and freedmen would agree with Walker because he is giving them great reasons to make a stand. He is also encouraging them by talking about god and what rights they have as humans. Although it took many a while to understand Walker’s points, his appeal was definitely a starting point for blacks to put an Chatarpaul 4 end to slavery. If blacks are successful in putting and end to slavery then he states,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦we will want all the learning and talents among ourselves, and perhaps more, to govern ourselves. † By saying this adds a positive point to Walker’s appeal because he is telling them about the possible outcome of ending slavery. Walker’s appeal inspired the slaves and freedmen to try and put an end to slavery. The appeal was a document aimed towards blacks, slaves and freedmen. It urged and encouraged them to fight for their liberty, and if they didn’t get that, then they rise in rebellion. Both of these two groups, black slaves and freedmen would agree to Walker’s appeal because he was trying to show them a way towards liberty and happiness. Although it didn’t happen at that point, it certainly opened up new ways for blacks to fight for their own rights. This appeal inspired many that were there at the present time of David Walker and also those who followed such as Frederick Douglas, and Nat Turner. The appeal was successful because many slave revolts began soon after it was published and smuggled around by seamen. This appeal sought out to get slaves to fight for their freedom and blacks as a whole to get their liberty, and it did that. Walker died in Boston on June 28, 1830, under mysterious circumstances. His challenge to the slaves to free themselves was an important contribution to the assault on human slavery. How to cite David Walker’s Appeal, Essay examples

Motivation and Performance Set Goals

Question: Discuss about the Motivation and Performancefor Set Goals. Answer: Introduction Finally, employees of any company need motivation for them to remain focused on the goals and objectives of the firm. The management should put up policies to motivate their employees at specified periods. It would be better for the organization to motivate all employees. However, the motivation must be based on performance such that those who have done better get high rewards than others for their efforts. The motivation of all employees makes them feel a sense of belonging to the organization and avoids conflicts which may results when some employees feel neglected by the management (Cerasoli, Nicklin, Ford, 2014, pp. 980). Firms have set goals and objectives which they strive to achieve. The management has an obligation to ensure that the organization meets the set targets. Employees are the people who carry out the activities of the organization, and they are monitored by the managers in the execution of their duties. Firms must have guidelines to ensure success in the market by having a competitive edge over their competitors (Kuratko, Audretsch, 2009, pp. 1-17). Competition is inevitable and cannot be avoided but only managed not to be a threat to the survival of the organization. Company performance is the results the firm gets from engagement in business activities and it may be right or wrong. Good performance is not easy to be achieved but there various factors that ensure a firm survive in the market. These factors are the ability of the workforce to do well as required hence enabling the businesses to meet the targets. Environmental factors such as support from other stakeholders, reliable in formation on the markets and resources to ensure execution of activities. Finally, motivation is a key to providing excellent organization performance. Motivation is the ability to recognize the efforts different stakeholder put on the job activities through increasing their salaries, job promotion, etc. they serve to give morale the concerned parties to continue with the great efforts. Therefore, motivation is one of the forces that help in better organization performance, and managers must put the emphasis of motivating the stakeholders who do great work (Manzoor, 2012, pp. 1). Employees are the external firm stakeholders, and their productivity helps make a company successful thus managers should find ways to boost their morale towards work. This paper looks how motivation and performance are related in an organization (Renee, 2008, pp. 309). Motivation and performance of employees are directly proportioning as they are dependent. The performance of the employees is determined by their view, morale, and commitment towards the tasks assigned by the managers. Employees go to works for different reasons. Some got works to reach the set targets by management and get greatness while others go to work to count time. These means some have the motive to do quality work while others are after the money to satisfy their needs. Therefore, the management should look for ways to enable employees to focus on work only. Motivation is crucial for employees focus on their primary duty at work as it makes them feel part of the firms. Managers recognizing the effort of the workers regardless of how small they are them feel a sense of belonging and appreciation on what they do. These make the employees work hard for recognition. Several theories explain motivation of employees (Lai, Chang, 2010, pp. 490-496). Maslow's Hierarchy of needs stipulates that employees as other human have five needs that they strive to satisfy during their work. These requirements are physiological needs, safety, social needs, esteem and the self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the basic needs like food, water, and shelter which are crucial for survival. Security requirements are the needs to avoid danger, pain and future uncertainties of life. Social needs of employees are the ability to relate with others well in the environment without conflicts or disagreements. Esteem needs to focus on the desire for the workers to feel respected, appreciated and important in the society. Self-actualization is the ability of the employees to achieve the best for themselves in the job markets. This theory ranked the needs of people as shown above. The needs are the main reasons why people work hard to get money and meet them. When workers needs are not fulfilled their morale to work is low as well as their job p erformance. Managers' salary increment to employees enables them to meet their needs, and this motivates them to work hard (Poston, 2009, pp. 347-353). ERG theory of motivation stipulates that employees work for three reasons; existence, relatedness, and growth. However, these elements were a summary of the Maslow's Hierarchy of needs. Survival needs were made of the physiological and safety needs of the employees. Relatedness needs were made of the social needs whereas the growth needs were composed of the esteem and the self-actualization needs. The difference in the ERG theory from Maslow's theory was that people work hard to satisfy their higher requirements in the rank, but if they are unable, they return to fulfill the prior need. This act was called frustration-regression (L?z?roiu, 2015, pp. 97-102). The two-factor theory of motivation also tried to explain how the organization could satisfy employee's needs. The argument noted that the environmental aspects that meet people in the job place are very different from the ones that dissatisfy them. The factors that this theory saw to satisfy workers were hygiene factors and motivators. The hygiene factors included; company policies regarding the working of employees, supervision of the workers, working conditions and their security. If the factors were poor, the workers would not be motivated to execute their duties well in the organization. The motivators factors included; achievements of the employees, recognition by the management, impressive work, increasing responsibility and advancement and growth. Employees are motivated when they see progress in the work they are doing. Difficulties in their work may make them lose the morale to work. Workers are human beings, and they like recognition, when the management recognizes employe es by mentioning them as they give a speech, appraise them for their achievements' etc. makes them feel appreciated for their work. When the employee's work is impressive, and they are getting more responsibility, these makes them motivated to move to higher levels of responsibility (Furnham, Eracleous, Chamorro-Premuzic, 2009, pp. 765-779). References Aguinis, H. (2009). Performance management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 140(4), 980. Furnham, A., Eracleous, A., Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009). Personality, motivation and job satisfaction: Hertzberg meets the Big Five. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(8), 765-779. Lai, W. H., Chang, P. L. (2010). Corporate motivation and performance in RD alliances. Journal of Business research, 63(5), 490-496. L?z?roiu, G. (2015). Employee Motivation and Job Performance. Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, (14), 97-102. Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness. Business management and strategy, 3(1), 1. Poston, B. (2009). Maslows hierarchy of needs. surgical technologist, 41(8), 347-353. Renee Baptiste, N. (2008). Tightening the link between employee wellbeing at work and performance: A new dimension for HRM. Management decision, 46(2), 284-309.

History of Imperialism

There is no exact definition of imperialism in particular. Usually, this word is confused with colonialism. However, the two words are frequently related to European expansionism except that imperialism is far reaching to the Ottoman and Chinese histories. Certainly, imperialism was a way of life to ancient societies such as Persian and Greek, Aztec and Mayan among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Imperialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Imperialism by definition is the maintenance or creation of unequal cultural and economic relationship between states where one is a subordination of the other. Others define it as the policy that allows a nation to extend its authority or control through establishment of political and economic hegemony through acquisition of other nation’s territorial boundaries (Lenin 14). Imperialism evolved through a series of stages dating back to the AD era. Bef ore developing into a major kingdom, Europe underwent major transformations over a long period of time. Meanwhile, Africa was characterized by a constant stream of explorers and outside traders who brought in new religions and ideas. On the other hand, Henry, the then Prince of Portugal, sent ships to West Africa in attempt to explore the area. He commanded ships to take gold to West Africa in exchange for slaves, and this resulted to the establishment of new colonies especially inside America. Imperialism then took a different phase of industrial revolution where natural resources and raw materials such as diamond and rubber were being transported to Britain. Then followed the era of The Atlantic Slave Trade where horrible injustice was committed against African slaves before they got sold to major kingdoms such as Britain (Lugard 59). Moreover, the scramble for Africa by colonial masters began, and this led to the Berlin Conference of 1888. However, imperialism was resisted in som e African countries like the Zulu in South Africa. Meanwhile, effects of imperialism especially loss of life through slave trade raised a lot of tension amongst African nations. This was followed by Independence Nationalism that led to the Pan-Africanism movement, which was aimed at bringing all Africans together on the basis of their common heritage. Through World War II, most European countries were weakened and Pan-Africanism gained strength. As such, most African nations gained independence during the 1950s.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, these nations experienced poor governments and poor economies, which they struggled to stabilize. As this was happening in Africa, Middle East started experiencing imperialism through the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. In the nineteenth century, most independent states such as Egypt were recaptured by the Great Britain. Elsewhere, as Ind ia was struggling to gain independence in 1919, troops from Britain wounded and killed almost one thousand five hundred civilians (Lenin 39). What followed from that period was a series of events that led to today’s imperialism. Despite the brevity of the imperialism era, its impact on the world was immense. The European countries who were the major perpetrators of this concept had their culture and society tremendously influenced by the various colonies they captured. Even after independence of most colonies, the interaction process between the colonized and the colonizers continued. Consequently, massive migration from the colonies into Europe occurred, and this was a key factor to the emergence of Europe’s multicultural societies. On a similar note, the culture of Europe was copied to the colonized nations. For instance, European sports such as soccer and cricket are adapted in most countries around Africa, the Pacific, and Asia. This idea is further evidenced by th e manner in which countries around these regions speak French and English. Besides, the imperialism legacy developed in different spheres of such colonies. This includes metropolitan economic ties, communication networks, and economic structures that have undoubtedly shaped the contemporary society. Surprisingly, the imperialism legacy has far reaching effects not only in the past, but also in the foreseeable future. Take for example the world’s fluctuations on market that greatly depend on Europe’s economy, which has become so hard to remove, and hence, enhancing this idea of dependency (Lugard 22). Accordingly, imperialism related legacy extends to religious systems in the colonized countries. Not only did campaigns by Christian missionaries convert individuals, but also they left behind a series of Christian states such as Ghana, South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria in Africa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Imperialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They also left behind Catholicism in South Asia and Latin America. Moreover, modernization resulted from imperialism. This resulted to descent cities, the emergence of the money economy, ownership of private land, modern medicine, cash crop farming, and modern technologies among others. Besides, some of the legacy include infrastructure. Evidence exists that some British built road network and water projects in India, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Pakistan are present up to date. In addition, the British employed the divide and rule strategy that led to ethnic divisions present in our society. For example, they preferred the Hausa and Tutsi communities in Nigeria and Rwanda respectively. They also preferred the Kikuyu in Kenya and the resettled slaves in Liberia. Also, they placed borders illogically, and this led to ethnic conflicts such as those seen in Kashmir, Palestine/Israel, Spanish Sahara/Moroccan Sahara, Biafra war, a nd West/Eastern Pakistan. Works Cited Lenin, Vladimir. Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1947. Lugard, Frederick. The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa. Edinburgh and London: Blackwood and Sons, 1922. This essay on History of Imperialism was written and submitted by user L0k1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance The WritePass Journal

The impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance 1 Introduction The impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance 1 Introduction3.Semi-structured Interviews4   Research Sample4.1 Rationale for selection criteria4.2 Administration of the Research4.3    Research Setting  5. Research Analysis6. Concluding PointsRelated 1 Introduction This study aims to assess the impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance as perceived by respondents drawn from pilots currently flying these aircraft. The objective of this study include the identification of: i) pilots perceptions regarding the effect of glass cockpits on their performance; ii) the safety aspects derived from these perceptions; iii) the effect of pilot performance on aircraft safety; iv) the human factors affected by glass cockpits; v) the migration by airlines and manufacturers to glass cockpits; and vi) the human performance perspective of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of glass cockpits. Chapters one and two introduced existing literature and previous research undertaken in relation to the impact of glass cockpits on pilot performance with a particular focus on the aforementioned objectives. This methodology chapter explains each stage of the research, data collection and analysis undertaken in conducting the research. 2   Qualitative Research When undertaking research, there are two main research possibilities – quantitative and qualitative. Louis (1981) describes them as both excellent ways of tackling research effectively. He distinguishes between the two by naming quantitative as â€Å"inquiry from the outside† and qualitative as â€Å"inquiry from the inside†. By this, Louis is referring to the researchers involvement and immersion within the data collection – the â€Å"inside† approach involves the researcher more, often leaving a potential hazard of bias. Whereas the â€Å"outside† approach enables the researcher to isolate the phenomenon of bias because of the lack of feedback associated with quantitative research. Qualitative research is often used as â€Å"a form of systematic empirical inquiry into meaning† (Shank, 2002, p. 5) – it is useful for those wishing to complete research in a methodical, ordered and planned way. Authors (Bryman et al 1988; Punch, 1998; Maykut and Morehouse, 1994) all describe qualitative research as a valued method of collecting a bettered, in-depth range of data. However, with the advantage of enriched data comes the disadvantage of researcher bias. As qualitative research was chosen, the researcher had to identify and accept that certain areas of the data collection would be open to bias, either value or objective (Hussey and Hussey, 1997). Referring to Johnson (1994), â€Å"the selection of the research method is a crucial element in the planning of an investigation† (p.174). Johnson also suggests that using a variety of research methods is beneficial to gaining an adequate understanding of the objective results – as suggested in my research proposal. However, it became evident that my access to the great number of â€Å"glass-cockpit-flying pilots† needed to complete questionnaires successfully was limited. It was therefore decided that the best course of action was to select a qualitative approach, and to interview the pilots that met the selection criteria highlighted in the â€Å"Research Approach† section of this methodology. 3.Semi-structured Interviews Kumar (2011) defines an interview as â€Å"any person-to-person interaction, either face to face or otherwise, between two or more individuals with a specific purpose in mind†.   Reasons for employing an interview to collect data a numerous. Depending on the topic discussed, it is possible to obtain in-depth information by probing; an interviewer can often add to data collected not only by verbal means, but also by non-verbal reactions displayed by the interviewee; and, because the interviewer can alter the order / wordings of the questions, it is less likely that the interviewee can misunderstand the question. The author chose to utilise a semi-structured type interview as a hybrid of the two extremes – unstructured and structured – as this would give the best of both worlds. Although a structured interview would i) establish a good base for the interviewee to explain exactly what the author felt was needed,   ii) provide uniform information, in the form of the comparability of the data collected and iii) enable the interviewer to collect the data without having the necessary interview skills for an unstructured interview, this method was discarded as it was nearly impossible for the interviewer to probe new ideas formulated by the answers of the interviewee. For many of these reasons, also, the unstructured interview was, too, rejected. Referring to point iii), this existed as the main reason to not chose the unstructured type interview as this was the authors first attempt at an academic interview.   Thus a semi-structured, or hybrid data collection model was developed: an element of flexibility was permitted to enable interviewees to include relevant information pertinent to the topic in discussion (Patton, 1990; Bernard, 1988). In this respect, the researcher would include an interview guide – as found in a structured interview. However, this was, as said, a guide: the interviewer and the interviewee were able to establish and discuss any points that came up in conversation, some of which were new to the interviewer or perhaps the interviewee. A predominately qualitative research approach was used throughout this study. In this respect, interviews were used as the data collection tool through which the current pilot perceptions of glass cockpits were identified. This method was selected because: It allowed flexibility to follow unexpected ideas during research and explore processes effectively;   It gave sensitivity to contextual factors; Also, the ability to study symbolic dimensions and social meaning;   increased opportunities: o to develop empirically supported new ideas and theories; o for in-depth and longitudinal explorations of leadership phenomena; and o for more relevance and interest for practitioners. -Bryman et al, 1988 Although it is arguable that a questionnaire would have suited this type of study, there were certain concerns with finding the multiple pilots needed to complete the surveys – particularly given the   high   security status post September 11th. 4   Research Sample Consideration into finding the most applicable people for inclusion in this study was needed to ensure that the author chooses the candidates with the required information to achieve the objectives set for the study (Kumar, 2011). This strategy is useful to assess the pilot perceptions of glass-cockpits as, although much researcher has been conducted into glass cockpits, very little has been done into the perceptions of pilots regarding them. The population of this study consisted of 5 interviewees. Purposive sampling was used to identify the particular pilots needed for interview, the selection criteria included: Have flown a glass cockpit within the previous 6 months Have flown an analogue cockpits previously Willing to participate in the interview 4.1 Rationale for selection criteria Firstly, by defining â€Å"previous 6 months† as recent, then we are able to understand that the interviewee must have recent experience in order to acknowledge the disadvantages and advantages of glass cockpits as experienced by them – the longer it has been since the stimuli, the less effects the subject will retain in memory. The rationale for selecting the second criterion was simple: although this study is an exploritive study into glass cockpits, the interviewees must have experience with the older fashioned analogue type cockpits in order to have a valuable opinion regarding their own perceptions. The final criteria suggests that every pilots participation is critical to this study – since the research involved potentially lengthy interviews, every interviewee would need to be willing to take the time to discuss the topic at hand (Chaffee, 1995). Advantages of performing interviews with an acquaintance are well documented by authors. Roger (1988) implies that social norms constrain strangers from interacting in a natural way and Coates (1996) adds that   the presence of recording equipment, and peoples perceptions to it, is less obvious when dealing with a friend or group of friends – ultimately, by interviewing pilots whom   were personally known the the researcher, it is possible to allow the interviewee to become more relaxed and less inclined to shy away from sensitive questions. After designing an interview, but before putting it into practice, there was a chance to try out my interview on a potential subject. This pilot study was a opportunity to develop the interview so that, in future interviews, any problems would be ironed out and questions could be arranged in an order that would suit a naturally flowing conversation. Hundley (2001) suggests that performing multiple pilot studies is advantageous to the researcher, however, due to time constraints only one pilot interview could be undertaken before it was necessary to move onto the actual interviews. That pilot study changed the order of questions within the interview, as well as a few question wordings to make it more logical and easier for the interviewees to understand. 4.2 Administration of the Research When beginning the interview stage of the project, a way of recording the conversations was necessary    this came in the form of a Dictaphone. This made the process of analysing results much simpler than having to take notes and understand them later. Of course, the participants were given full authority on whether or not they wanted the interview recorded – obviously it was competently   explained to them that the interview was completely confidential via an interview confidentiality letter (appendix B). Where possible, the interviewees were given the questions via email (appendix C). The author decided to do this in the hopes that the interviewees would provide more concise and clearer answers. Arranging meetings with pilots was, at first thought, something of a given. However, the pilots whom the author thought were once suitable for interview declared that they had no prior, or very limited, experience with glass cockpits. It was up to me to find suitable alternatives. Luckily, the pilots who had no experience were able to refer me to their friends and colleagues who did have experience with glass cockpits –   the author was able to arrange contact with them via email and telephone. Bennett (1994) discusses the options to improve the chances of the potential interviewees responding to my emails and calls. He states that, by explaining the following points, the interviewee will be more inclined to respond accordingly: Imparting the conviction that the investigation is a worthwhile piece of work and the investigator a competent person to carry it out; Explaining why the investigation seeks the co-operation of the persons or institutions being approached; Indicating the use to be made of the eventual research material.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bennett (1994, p.174) 4.3    Research Setting Interviews were planned to take place face to face, at a place convenient to both the interviewer and the interviewee. A suitable quiet environment was to be used, in most cases this was arranged in advance – but some were very short notice so the choice of location was somewhat improvised. This is for the interviews that had taken place in person, but as discussed earlier email interviews had been arranged. Due to the nature of   email, there was no way of enforcing the setting – so it was left up to the interviewee to chose a suitable place to respond. I was the interviewer in all bar the two email interviews, it was therefore my duty to maintain the correct track throughout as well as to ensure the interviewees were giving suitable responses to questions. Two of my potential interviewees had requested, due to time-zone differences, that they complete the interview via email – I was more than obliged to do so, so the interviews were sent to them along with appendix B (interview confidentiality letter). Unfortunately, there was no possible way of administrating the email respondents – other than reading through their answers and responding to them with any queries. Each face to face interview lasted between 10 and 20 minutes and were conducted between February and March 2011. The email interviews were between 1000 and 1500 word long and were sent out during the beginning days of March for a expectant reply by the end of March. Other than the emails, no names were used during the interviews – this left the researcher an option to code the names for the data analysis: Email interview 1, Interview 1 etc It was essential for the researcher to transcribe the interviews as soon as practicably possible as too not forget any non-verbal communications made, as discussed earlier. It is also for this reason that the researcher did not complete any more than one interview per day, or per transcribe. i.e. the researcher would only move onto another interview when the previous one was transcribed completely.  Ã‚   To avoid recall error as defined by Kumar (2011): â€Å"error that can be introduced in a response because of a respondents inability to recall correctly its various aspects when replying† when possible, and if time permitted, interviewees were given the opportunity to examine the interview transcripts for conformation and approval.   5. Research Analysis Kumars(2011) four step research analysis was adopted to efficiently summarise and analyse the data collected. The steps were identification of the main themes; assignment of codes for the main themes; responses to the main themes and; integration of themes and responses into the text. The first step involved carefully reading through the interviews collected by each interviewee, understanding the meaning that they communicate (the use of language to express themselves) and categorising the discovered broad themes. The second step uses coding to identify the amount of times, or how frequently, a certain phrase or wording has occurred and pursuing the more specific themes from these. Step 3 analyses the interview scripts collected and assigns certain responses and phrases under the themes chosen in step 2. Finally, the fourth step uses the responses that fall within different themes collected in step 3 and integrates them into the text of the dissertation. Blaxter et al (2006) suggested that most research could be affected by opinions, beliefs   and motivations of those involved – it was essential for the undergoing researcher to remember this throughout this study because it had the possibility to bias results by means of altering the questions asked to accommodate preconceptions known by the researcher. 6. Concluding Points To summarise, this chapter has covered the beneficial aspects and disadvantages of qualitative research, semi-structured interviews and data analysis; how purposive sampling was engaged as a way of implementing assurance that interviewees could offer their perceptions of glass cockpits; and   the various limitations imposed onto the researcher, interviewees and ultimately, the study itself.

Writing effective email Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing effective email - Essay Example The use of short form words or slang should not be for academic purpose emails (The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2009). The first rule is to think before sending an email. This rule will prevent the sender from sending wrong information, information that is not written in understandable language, sending to the wrong recipient accidentally or even sending the email to multiple people instead of only the concerned party (which therefore makes a private email public and may lead to embarrassing situations). The other rule is to send an email that you would like to receive. This according to the review by David Barry is to discourage the forwarding or email messages that are annoying, meaningless or hate messages. The correct recipients to an email should be established before-hand to ensure the emails you receive will in turn be those that you want (Barry, 2007). There is a similarity in the analysis of the voice and tone of the email habits by the two writers: Ms. Mentor and Dave Barry. Their voice is humorous which indicates their comical nature hence making the articles more interesting and appealing to read. Their tone however is more powerful, truthful and subjective which serves to show the importance of the message in the article but without neutralizing the humor in them. Barry, D. (May 6, 2007). â€Å"You’ve Got Trouble.† The New Yorks Times. Retrieved from:

Digital Revolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Digital Revolution - Assignment Example The issue of digital revolution has become resistant as the effort to solve it may give rise to other problems which may be harmful for the society at large (Fitzpatrick, 2003, p.3). The digital revolution was brought about with the hope bringing about the concept of globalization, which to an extent has been fruitful thereby creating great economic impact in the society. But, the digital revolution has resulted in the internet predators, information overload, media saturation and forms of social isolation. Moreover with the digital revolution most of the works are being carried out through personal computing and other related digital activities. This in the long–run has led to the invasion of the privacy of the customers through software the keystroke recording and the application that leads to information filtering. Moreover, the personal use of the computer has resulted in the reduction of the productivity level of the employees. Reliability of data has become an issue sinc e the digital revolution has come into being as the information is being easily replicated without being verified. Though the digital revolution has made the outsourcing services possible over the globe yet, the problems faced by the same are irrevocable (Coyne, 2004, pp.1-13).

Apple Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Apple Company - Essay Example These factors generate a huge impact on the functioning of the business organisation as a whole. To this end, it must be noted that the business organisation can render effective control over the internal factors pertaining to human, technological and financial resources. On the contrary the external business factors divided along the micro and macro parts remain uncontrollable by the business. External factors like customers and suppliers along with competitors and government bodies and the different environmental events pertaining to political, economic, social, legal and technological landscape affect the organisation in a potential manner. Similarly the international and socio-demographic environment also affect the operations of the business concerns (Jain, Trehan & Trehan, 2009, p.7-14). In regards to the above discussion the essay now focuses on analysing the internal and external business environment of Apple Company. The company has gained a wide recognition in the internati onal market for producing computer and other information technology related products which focus on rendering high amount of sophistication and innovation. This fact enables the company to gain a large market share in the international arena in a much lesser time span (Lliev, Lindinger, & Poettler, 2004, p.6). Internal Environment of Apple Company The internal environment of Apple Computer Incorporation can be studied in respect to the human resource factors. Apple Computer Incorporation works on a strategic mindset while recruiting the proper quality of human resources in order to meet the organisational objectives. The company focuses on enhancing the quality of the workforce to help in enhancing the creative and innovative potential of the concern which thereby augments the productivity and organisational competence. Apple Computer Incorporation’s human resource policies thus strongly focus on gaining the right workforce which would help the company to deliver the best pos sible designs and technological innovations in the products produced. Further the company’s human resource function also renders potential importance in recruiting large amount of people to operate in creating attractive designs and contents on the web. This segment is rendered greater importance by the company for it helps the concern to reach a larger consumer base. Apple Computer Incorporation also reflects a huge potential in controlling the attrition rate of the employees in the concern. Through effective human resource policies the organisation successfully targets to retain key organisational people to help in generating large amount of productivity. The management team of Apple Computer Incorporation strategizes the formulation of organizational mission and visionary principles to help motivate the internal people in achieving stated ends. The visionary and missionary objectives should be strategically formulated by the business concern so as to develop a positive and lucrative image of the concern in the eyes of the principal stakeholders both internal and external. Human resource policies of Apple Incorporation also focus on helping the employees rise up the organisational ladder depending on their productivity and performance parameters. Thus the internal environment structure of the concern is quite amicable for the employees to develop their personal productivity. Another key feature of the human resource policies of Apple Computer Incorporation involves the outsourcing of human resource activities to key external human resource consultants. This function of outsourcing helps the business organisation to better manage the large scale of human resources

Summary Of The Wedding Novel English Literature Essay

Summary Of The Wedding Novel English Literature Essay One of the most anticipated events of this special month is the wedding of one of the daughters of New Berns best lawyer, Wilson Lewis. His daughter Anna is finally engaged to her long time boyfriend, Keith, and to make it more special their getting married at the date Wilson and his wife, Jane, got married. However, there was one problem; they only got one week to prepare this wedding. How can everything be possible? Preparing this wedding wasnt easy but soon all their hard work paid off. The wedding will take place in Noah Calhouns house and garden, the place where Jane grew up and the place where Janes sister, Kate, also got married. This place was special for the whole family, but a week ago this house was a complete disaster. It had been abandoned for years since Noah and his late wife, Allie moved into Creekside. Miracle, I thought, was the reason why from where I am looking now this place was magnificent. http://www.sweetgumbottom.com/images/garden-weddings_header.jpg Not only did they finished this house in a matter of days, they were also able to get a photographer, a caterer provided by Henry MacDonald, and a musician, John Peterson, to play during the wedding and the reception. All may seem impossible but they did it. Everything was perfect and the one thing I admired the most was the rose garden designed with five beautiful hearts. No doubt for sure that they spent a lot of money, from my early conversation with Wilson, he does not have one bit of regret as long as his daughter is happy at her wedding. It had been a long wait and finally John Peterson began to play the piano and I knew at that very moment the bride is on her way to the aisle. To my surprise, Anna was not a bride. She was just an ordinary guess wearing the same dress as her sister, Leslie. I was confused at first but when Jane walked in her dress with a bridal veil and a bouquet, I knew she was the bride we were all waiting for. This is one of the most unforgettable weddings that ever happened here in New Bern. Not only was there twist in the end, we also gained so much knowledge about love in this wedding. We come to realize that love is not just a word but the action you take to make it happen. Wilson and Jane had a tough thirty years of marriage but they learned to be love and fall in love all over again. Anything is possible when it comes to love so never ever give up on it! The Wedding by Nicholas Sparks contains a lot of cause and effect relationships towards the two main characters. The novel started of on August 23, 2002 when Wilson forgot about their twenty-ninth anniversary. This was the day Wilson finally comes to understand that Jane might have fallen out of love with him. Forgetting their anniversary was not the only reason why they grew apart. All of the causes built up to one strong force that strike down the bowling pins in just one hit. First of all, Jane and Wilson grew up from two completely different families. Wilson growing up mostly alone as both his parents work as one of the most trusted lawyers in Washington, D.C., never experienced what love really is. He never knew the exact meaning of romance or even how to be romantic. In the other hand, Jane grew up in a family full of love, romance, and happiness. Through her parents is where Jane learned what love truly is. Another major cause occurred at their own wedding. Every girl in this world wants their dream wedding to come to reality. However, Jane never got hers. Wilson wanting to start a law firm as a new law graduate did not want to spend more money than needed. Also as a man, Wilson wanted to pay for the expenses of the wedding from his own pocket. He didnt want to rely on anyone especially to Janes parents. Then their honeymoon didnt even last a whole weekend since he has to get back to work right away. As the new provider for the family, Wilson wanted the best for his family. He wants his children, Anna, Joseph, and Leslie, to have a good education and a good life. He achieved this by spending almost every minute of his life working. Spending little time at home brought major consequences. He left the responsibility of raising kids to Jane. He missed birthdays, school plays, and soccer games. Wilson basically missed his children growing up. Lastly, Wilson forgot about their anniversary after being drowned in work the whole day. This became the turning point of what seems to be the end of their happy marriage. Jane and Wilson now barely speak to each other. Even though, they live in one roof, it seems like neither of them exist. Jane then fled to New York to their son, Joseph, to spend some time to think and according to Joseph, Jane was crying ever since he picked her up the airport to the minute she dropped her back. That she didnt want to come back but she knew she had to because Wilson needs her. All these made Wilson realize that he can never live life without Jane, since because the day they met until now his love for his wife grew more and stronger. The second cause and effect that occurred in this novel was the day after the forgotten anniversary, when Wilson finally realize that he has to do something that will make Jane fall in love with him all over again. First, he started to wake up extra early to walk around the neighborhood and loss some weight. Luckily, he got another chance to prove that he can change when Anna announces that she was getting married. Wilson became a big help in the wedding. Since Jane has been constantly busy he started to cook dinner for them and when Jane needed help with anything he was always there. He helped arrange the guest list, caterer, rentals, music, and most especially Noahs house, where the wedding and the reception will be held. With the help of Noah, Wilson learned to become more romantic and start to express his feelings to Jane more often. When everything was going smoothly, Wilson decided to arrange a romantic dinner Thursday evening before the day of the wedding. He taped a note to the front door saying, Welcome home, darling. Your surprise awaits you insideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Sparks 207). When Jane opened up the door she saw a living room full of lit candles, scattered rose petals on the floor, and another note. Each note brings in another task that will bring Jane closer to where Wilson was. After Jane took a bath and refreshed herself, a limousine that will reveal the place where shell meet Wilson, awaits her The limousine arrived in front of Noahs house. Jane, blindfolded, was surprised the second she was finally able to open her eyes. The house looked the same exact way it did the years when Jane was growing. Then on the porch, was a romantic table Wilson set up for their dinner date. When Wilson was cooking their dinner, he asked Jane to grab his apron in her room upstairs, but instead of an apron Jane found a letter. The letter contained every memory they made together, Wilsons feelings towards Jane that he was not able to show, all his regrets, and sincere apology of every minute he wasted in the office not realizing that everything is falling out of place. Together with that letter was a photo album, which has pictures of the two of them through the years. Wilson took every small step to court his wife and everything step became worthwhile when Jane learned to love him all over again. Wilsons biggest step was when he finally revealed his secret. The wedding Jane thought was for her daughter, Anna, was actually her wedding all along. Wilson was finally able to give Jane the wedding she always wanted. A year worth of planning became a complete success. At that day, Wilson discovered that second chances can really happen, I learned that its possible for two people to fall in love all over again, even when theres a lifetime of disappointment between them (Sparks 263). Even if, your second chance can be your last chance, it will never hurt to try. You will never know, maybe this second chance can be start of a new beginning in your life. I am not lying when I say that Nicholas Sparks is my favorite author of all time. Your books were the ones who changed my views towards reading. It always brings out the fun in reading and brings out every emotion of a human being has. We laugh, we get angry, we cry, and we learn to love. Your books not only bring emotions but also provide valuable lessons that can be used in reality. Ive read a lot of your written works. For example, Ive read A Walk to Remember, Dear John, At First Sight, the Last Song, and The Wedding. All these books have different stories, but they share one thing in common, they contain a twist of faith in each of its major characters. Anything you least expect always happen that stop us, readers, from closing the book. I am not afraid to say that I cried in each of these books I read written by you. If only I have all the time in the world, Ill be honored to read every novel you ever written. As a great author, most of your books had been turn to movies. However, I hate it when they change the story from the book and sort of ruined it. The only ones that are not greatly ruined in my opinion were The Last Song and A Walk to Remember. I also do not like it when others who enjoyed the movies do not even give any honor to you and your work. You are the reason why we have phenomenal movies like The Notebook that almost every American still enjoy to this day. You are really the best and I hope that youll continue to write more beautiful novels and inspired many more of your readers like me.

What Has Changed about Epilepsy Essay -- Disorders Neurology Papers

"Epilepsy is a brain disorder involving recurrent seizures. You can relax. It's not the end of the world." This was my neurologist's introduction to my diagnosis as an epileptic with partial petit mal seizures including a curious, not to mention exciting, history of 2 grand mal seizures. As a 10-year-old girl, I remember feeling confused and greatly changed by these words that I had yet to understand the meaning of. As I grew to learn more about my condition, I realized that there are people around the globe, ranging in age, race, social and economic background that have experienced this same confusion. Collectively, we have gathered an incomplete, but valuable and working concept of epilepsy. Although it is one of the earliest recorded diseases, it attracts the attention of doctors, scientists, and researches everywhere, still in search of a clear understanding of the causes of particular seizures. Different nations contribute to our ever-expanding understanding of its history, epidemiology, prognosis and mortality, along with clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis. Tracing modern diagnosis and therapies back to biblical times allows us to compare another very important aspect of epilepsy: very similar modern and ancient perspectives on this disorder. Our language gives clues as to the longevity of epilepsy: the term epilepsy derives from the Greek word "epilambien" which means "to take hold of" or "to seize." (1). Epilepsy is a disease with one of the longest recorded histories and an impact spanning the globe, allowing healers and physicians from a wide range of countries and time periods to study epilepsy. Worldwide studies have estimated the mean prevalence of active epilepsy, (i.e. continuing seizur... ...ocusing on common folk lore concerning epilepsy and several descriptive stories illustrating epilepsies role in the past, and all over the country. http://www.epilepsiemuseum.de/english/diagnostik.html<br> 7) Ketogentic Diet , a description and exploration of one very common and world wild treatment for epilepsy, being used less often today with the introduction of drugs. http://www.epilepsy.org.nz/PDFs/19Ketogentic%20Diet.pdf%20<br> 8) Surgical Treatments for Epilepsy , a personal questionnaire helping one who is epileptic to decide if surgery is right for them; packed with valuable and interesting information. http://www.iupui.edu/~epilepsy/surgery.html%20<br> 9) Seizure-Related Injuries in Epileptics , an editorial by Somsak Tiamkao looking at injuries related to epilepsy. http://www.internmedjthai.com/vol17n3/Seizure_Somsak.pdf%20<br>